Anatomical and microscopic changes in the corpus callosum as a determinant of preventive training for injuries in the elderly

The brain undergoes various morphological changes with aging, such as cerebral atrophy and changes in gray and white matter. These changes include volume loss, ventricular enlargement, and widening of the intercellular spaces between cerebral cortex cells. The corpus callosum, which consists of more than 190 million axons, is the largest white matter tract. It plays a fundamental role in cognition. Evidence suggests that impaired integrity of the corpus callosum directly contributes to cognitive decline in older adults. While increased thickness of the corpus callosum during childhood development is associated with intelligence, processing speed, and problem-solving ability, aging causes changes in various bodily functions, both motor and sensory. Among the changes associated with aging is a decline in proprioception, which is essential for normal body movement during walking and the ability to maintain balance. This study aims to investigate the anatomical and microscopic changes of the corpus callosum as a determinant of preventive training for injuries in the elderly. A descriptive approach was used. The study sample was intentionally selected from older adults, and the total sample size was 10 males. The most important results of preventive training for elderly sports focused primarily on the quality of training aimed at improving the sensory system's response to the nerves operating in the lower extremities. Walking training aimed to develop endurance rather than developing stride length or increasing the support time of the extremities, especially the feet.